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Causal diagrams and the logic of matched case-control studies [Corrigendum]
Received 17 December 2013
Accepted for publication 17 December 2013
Published 22 January 2014 Volume 2014:6 Pages 59—60
Shahar E, Shahar DJ. Clinical Epidemiology. 2012;4:137–144.
On page 140, Figure 8 Diagram B shows a cause of D that is not a confounder. After conditioning on S, an association is also created between E and C, and therefore, a dashed line should connect these variables (revised figure below). As a result, three paths (not two) now connect C and D (C -- E→D; C→D; and C -- D). Since these three paths sum up to a null association between C and D, the sum of C→D and C -- D is not null, and colliding bias is present (unless the effect of E on D is precisely null).
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