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Interaction between submicron COD crystals and renal epithelial cells
Authors Peng, Ouyang J , Yao X, Yang
Received 13 May 2012
Accepted for publication 29 June 2012
Published 29 August 2012 Volume 2012:7 Pages 4727—4737
DOI https://doi.org/10.2147/IJN.S33848
Checked for plagiarism Yes
Review by Single anonymous peer review
Peer reviewer comments 3
Hua Peng1,2 Jian-Ming Ouyang1,2 Xiu-Qiong Yao1, Ru-E Yang1
1Department of Chemistry, Jinan University, 2Institute of Biomineralization and Lithiasis Research, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
Objectives: This study aims to investigate the adhesion characteristics between submicron calcium oxalate dihydrate (COD) with a size of 150 ± 50 nm and African green monkey kidney epithelial cells (Vero cells) before and after damage, and to discuss the mechanism of kidney stone formation.
Methods: Vero cells were oxidatively injured by hydrogen peroxide to establish a model of injured cells. Scanning electron microscopy was used to observe Vero–COD adhesion. Inductively coupled plasma emission spectrometry was used to quantitatively measure the amount of adhered COD microcrystals. Nanoparticle size analyzer and laser scanning confocal microscopy were performed to measure the change in the zeta potential on the Vero cell surface and the change in osteopontin expression during the adhesion process, respectively. The level of cell injury was evaluated by measuring the changes in malonaldehyde content, and cell viability during the adhesion process.
Results: The adhesion capacity of Vero cells in the injury group to COD microcrystals was obviously stronger than that of Vero cells in the control group. After adhesion to COD, cell viability dropped, both malonaldehyde content and cell surface zeta potential increased, and the fluorescence intensity of osteopontin decreased because the osteopontin molecules were successfully covered by COD. Submicron COD further damaged the cells during the adhesion process, especially for Vero cells in the control group, leading to an elevated amount of attached microcrystals.
Conclusion: Submicron COD can further damage injured Vero cells during the adhesion process. The amount of attached microcrystals is proportional to the degree of cell damage. The increased amount of microcrystals that adhered to the injured epithelial cells plays an important role in the formation of early-stage kidney stones.
Keywords: cell modulation, crystal adhesion, calcium oxalate dihydrate, kidney stone, pathological mineralization
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